# DRepTalk

> The public deliberation layer for Cardano governance: discussion, votes, and data on every governance action.

DRepTalk (dreptalk.com) is a forum and data site for Cardano on-chain governance. Every governance action gets a thread where DReps, SPOs and delegators discuss it, and the site tracks votes, rationales, voting power and delegation per epoch. Public pages may be read and cited with a link. The crawl policy in robots.txt applies.

## Site sections

- [Home](https://dreptalk.com/): Latest governance activity, open actions and the analytics strip.
- [Discussions](https://dreptalk.com/discussions/): Every on-chain governance action has its own thread, plus categories for the constitution, treasury and general debate.
- [DReps](https://dreptalk.com/dreps/): Every Cardano DRep ranked by voting power, with voting record, rationales and delegation history on each profile.
- [Governance analytics](https://dreptalk.com/analytics/): Participation, concentration, committee and SPO turnout, throughput and the default delegation options, per epoch.
- [Governance Review](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/): Dated reviews of Cardano governance, a few epochs at a time: what was decided, who moved it, what the numbers say.
- [Treasury](https://dreptalk.com/treasury/): How much of the treasury Net Change Limit enacted withdrawals have consumed, and which actions set the limit.
- [DRep matching](https://dreptalk.com/match/): Answer real governance votes and find a DRep whose record matches, then delegate.
- [Help](https://dreptalk.com/help/): Guides on becoming a DRep, delegating, governance actions and how DRepTalk works.
- [Glossary](https://dreptalk.com/glossary/): Definitions of the core Cardano governance terms.

## Help guides

### Start here

- [How to become a DRep on Cardano](https://dreptalk.com/help/become-a-drep/): What a DRep is, what the role involves, which wallet you need, and how to register, in plain terms for first-time delegated representatives.
- [How to delegate your voting power to a Cardano DRep](https://dreptalk.com/help/delegate-to-a-drep/): How any ada holder hands their Cardano voting power to a DRep, what Abstain and No Confidence mean, and how to switch DReps later.
- [For delegators: track what your DRep does](https://dreptalk.com/help/for-delegators/): How an ada holder signs in to DRepTalk as a delegator to follow their DRep's votes, see open actions their DRep has not voted on yet, and get notified when their DRep votes or their delegation changes.
- [Signing in](https://dreptalk.com/help/signing-in/): Who can sign in to DRepTalk and with which Cardano keys: DReps (CIP-95 DRep key), proposers (reward address), SPOs (Calidus key), CC members (committee hot key), and delegators (read-only). No password, no transaction, no fees.
- [Pair a phone or tablet](https://dreptalk.com/help/pair-a-device/): How to sign in to DRepTalk on a phone or tablet by approving a pairing code from a computer where you are already signed in, so you can receive push notifications.
- [How DRep matching works on DRepTalk](https://dreptalk.com/help/drep-matching/): How to choose a Cardano DRep with the Find your DRep quiz: how questions are selected from completed governance actions, which DReps can appear, how the match score is computed, and why your answers never leave your device.
- [Following your own DRep](https://dreptalk.com/help/my-drep/): What the private My DRep page shows delegators: the actions, rationales, vote changes and voting power of your DRep since your delegation, and what a default option meant on the decided actions.

### For DReps

- [Managing your DRep: register, change metadata, get your deposit back](https://dreptalk.com/help/managing-your-drep/): How to register as a Cardano DRep, change your on-chain metadata (name, objectives, links, image), and deregister to get your 500 ada deposit back. Step by step and non-custodial: your wallet signs every transaction.
- [How to write a Cardano DRep vote rationale](https://dreptalk.com/help/writing-a-vote-rationale/): How a DRep writes a clear, useful rationale for a governance vote, what to include, and how it is published as a CIP-100 metadata document linked to the vote on-chain.
- [How to vote on a governance action as a DRep](https://dreptalk.com/help/voting/): How a registered DRep casts a Yes, No, or Abstain vote on an open governance action directly on DRepTalk, with an optional rationale, signing in their own wallet.
- [How to promote your DRep and attract delegators](https://dreptalk.com/help/promoting-your-drep/): Practical ways for a Cardano DRep to become more visible: a complete profile, early votes, clear rationales, forum participation, and sharing your voting record.
- [How to vote on multiple governance actions at once](https://dreptalk.com/help/voting-on-multiple-actions/): How a DRep selects several open governance actions on the voting dashboard and submits all votes as one transaction, with shared or per-action rationales, and the limits that apply.
- [CIP-179 surveys on DRepTalk](https://dreptalk.com/help/cip-179-surveys/): What an on-chain CIP-179 survey is, how it reaches a DRepTalk thread, how a DRep answers one from the wallet they signed in with, and what the participation count does and does not say.

### Understanding governance

- [Understanding a governance action page](https://dreptalk.com/help/understanding-a-governance-action/): A tour of a Cardano governance action page on DRepTalk: the Overview, Discussion, Votes, On-chain Data, and History tabs, the voting information sidebar, and why some rationales in the discussion are frozen.
- [Cardano governance action types explained](https://dreptalk.com/help/governance-action-types/): The kinds of on-chain governance actions on Cardano, what each one does, and which bodies (DReps, SPOs, the Constitutional Committee) vote on them.
- [Cardano governance action statuses explained](https://dreptalk.com/help/governance-statuses/): What each Cardano governance action status label means: active, ratified, enacted, expired, dropped, closed, and syncing.
- [Sorting Cardano governance actions](https://dreptalk.com/help/sorting/): What the Newest, Oldest, Trending, Closing soonest, and Recently decided sorts order by on the Cardano governance actions list, and how the status and type filters narrow it.
- [Proposers of Cardano governance actions](https://dreptalk.com/help/proposers/): How DRepTalk shows who proposed a governance action, and how proposer accounts can authorize co-proposers to write on their behalf.
- [Get feedback on a Cardano governance proposal before you submit it](https://dreptalk.com/help/get-feedback-on-a-proposal/): Share a draft governance action with DReps on DRepTalk, collect feedback before you pay the deposit, and connect the draft to the on-chain vote once you submit.
- [Submit a Cardano governance action on DRepTalk](https://dreptalk.com/help/submit-a-governance-action/): How to put a Cardano governance action on-chain with DRepTalk: pick the action type, write the metadata, review it, and sign with your wallet. Covers the deposit, the refund and treasury withdrawals.
- [How to vote on governance actions as an SPO](https://dreptalk.com/help/voting-as-an-spo/): How a stake pool operator votes on Cardano governance actions: which action types an SPO vote counts on, what happens when a pool does not vote, why the pool cold key signs, and which tools to use.
- [Understanding the analytics page](https://dreptalk.com/help/governance-analytics/): What the governance analytics page shows, where its numbers come from, and how to read the per-epoch trends honestly.
- [What the default delegation options do](https://dreptalk.com/help/default-delegation-options/): Always abstain and always no confidence explained: what each option means for governance votes, and how much stake sits in them.
- [Reading a DRep's governance record](https://dreptalk.com/help/drep-report-card/): What the participation percentile, rationale coverage, vote timing and long-term trend on a DRep profile actually measure, and where they come from.
- [About the Governance Review](https://dreptalk.com/help/governance-review/): What the Governance Review is, why its numbers can differ from other pages, what the voting percentages mean, and where to check the sources.

### About DRepTalk

- [What's new](https://dreptalk.com/help/whats-new/): Every DRepTalk release, newest first: what changed and when, with a link to the full notes on GitHub.
- [Open source](https://dreptalk.com/help/open-source/): DRepTalk is open source under the Apache 2.0 license. The full code is on GitHub and contributions are welcome.
- [Moderation](https://dreptalk.com/help/moderation/): How moderation works on DRepTalk: community flagging today, with appointed moderators a possibility later.
- [Badges](https://dreptalk.com/help/badges/): How achievement badges work on DRepTalk: earned automatically from your Cardano on-chain and forum activity, with bronze, silver, and gold tiers and a few hidden surprises.
- [Linking to DReps, governance actions, and votes](https://dreptalk.com/help/linking/): How to link to any Cardano DRep, governance action, or individual vote on DRepTalk using plain on-chain ids: no need to know the page's slug, DRepTalk resolves and redirects.
- [Citing a post so it stays verifiable](https://dreptalk.com/help/citing-a-post/): Posts on DRepTalk have a permanent, verifiable version you can cite in a vote rationale or anywhere else, so the quote cannot silently change later.
- [Data freshness](https://dreptalk.com/help/data-freshness/): How often DRepTalk refreshes Cardano on-chain values: governance tallies, DRep profiles, and vote badges. Cached, not live.
- [Install DRepTalk as an app on your home screen](https://dreptalk.com/help/add-to-home-screen/): How to install DRepTalk as an app on iPhone, iPad, and Android (a progressive web app, or PWA). On iOS and iPadOS the installed app is also required for push notifications.

## Governance Review editions

- [Edition 43, epochs 656 to 659: Ikigai's ₳103,000 reimbursement goes unpaid for the third time](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-656-659/): The request expired although 129 DReps voted yes and only five voted no. It reached 65.2% of DRep power, short of the 67% a withdrawal needs.
- [Edition 42, epochs 653 to 655: Cerkoryn submits the 75 ada minimum pool fee cut on its own](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-653-655/): The bundle that would have cut the minimum pool fee to 75 ada expired at 34.5% of pool stake, and one epoch later the cut was filed again on its own, where pools have no vote. The new committee took office, and two treasury requests reached their deadline.
- [Edition 41, epochs 650 to 652: The Cardano treasury pays out ₳120M and falls to its lowest level since epoch 508](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-650-652/): ₳120M for Cardano PRIME left the treasury at the start of epoch 650, the largest single withdrawal to date, with ₳42.6M left under the spending limit through epoch 713. At the window's end a committee election and a cut to the minimum pool fee were both at their deadline.
- [Edition 40, epochs 647 to 649: A ₳150M raise in the spending limit, and the ₳120M Cardano PRIME request that needed it](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-647-649/): Cardano PRIME's ₳120M request needed a higher treasury spending limit before it could be paid. DReps raised the cap from ₳350M to ₳500M, then approved PRIME two epochs later. Yoroi and EMURGO abstained on everything else in the window and called PRIME the exception.
- [Edition 39, epochs 642 to 646: Twelve Cardano treasury requests paid, seven expired](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-642-646/): The treasury paid twelve withdrawals in epochs 642 to 646 and seven requests expired. The published rationales show concerns about custody, costs and how treasury funding should be allocated, and Yoroi and EMURGO cast the same vote on all nineteen.
- [Edition 38, epochs 639 to 641: Tweag wins funding with a smaller, one-year proposal](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-639-641/): Three infrastructure withdrawals were paid in epochs 639 to 641, ₳51.3M together. Tweag's ₳18.3M for faster finality passed at 70.1% after a two year version for more than twice the sum had failed, and the voters said what had changed. Delegation to DReps fell ₳211M.
- [Edition 37, epochs 636 to 638: A ₳32.9M research bundle passes after three large DReps change their minds](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-636-638/): Cardano Vision received ₳32.9M after Yoroi, EMURGO and YUTA switched from abstain to yes, YUTA pointing to the falling ada price. Four other requests expired, including Eternl's wallet proposal, which the company had already refiled with the committee's objections addressed.
- [Edition 36, epochs 633 to 635: Nine Cardano treasury requests submitted together, six paid](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-633-635/): Nine treasury requests reached their deadline together in epoch 633, submitted in one transaction. Six were paid, three expired, and the rationales show DReps sorting them one by one. Cardano's baseline sponsorship at TOKEN2049 was funded, an upgrade package and the Cardano Summit request fell short.
- [Edition 35, epochs 630 to 632: The ₳14.1M request for Cardano Summit and TOKEN2049 expires at 10.0%](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-630-632/): A ₳14.1M request for two conferences in Singapore expired in epoch 630 at 10.0% of DRep power, five of six committee votes for it. DReps wanted one event, not two, and evidence from the 2025 summit. Its pieces were already refiled. Nine requests reached their deadline at the close: 1,684 votes in one epoch.
- [Edition 34, epochs 627 to 629: HLabs misses by a quarter of a point, then splits its request in two](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-627-629/): The only decision of epochs 627 to 629 was a ₳8.0M HLabs request that finished at 66.77% of DRep power, 0.23 points under the 67% a withdrawal needs. Yoroi and EMURGO abstained over a third node, the Cardano Foundation asked for a leaner Pebble request. One epoch later HLabs filed two requests, ₳4.6M each.
- [Edition 33, epochs 624 to 626: ₳50M for the Orion Fund is paid, and the Foundation is backed to run Catalyst](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-624-626/): The largest withdrawal since epoch 606 was paid at the start of epoch 624, ₳50M as the first tranche of an investment fund that proposes to return money to the treasury. A Go node and a liquidity budget followed. An information vote backed the Cardano Foundation as the new manager of Project Catalyst at 83.4%.
- [Edition 32, epochs 621 to 623: Two members of Cardano's constitutional committee vote against the budget framework](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-621-623/): The budget process framework closed with 68.4% of DRep power and a committee split five to two. KtorZ and the Eastern Cardano Council wrote that a process on chain becomes the only route in practice. A ₳50M investment fund was ratified over objections about oversight, and the new spending period saw its first draw.
- [Edition 31, epochs 615 to 620: The ₳300M Cardano spending limit fails, opposed as too tight and as still too loose](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-615-620/): A second ceiling for epochs 613 to 713 set the limit just under the 2025 inflows, ₳50M below the agreed ₳350M. It closed at 44.1% of DRep power, short of the majority a ceiling needs. Yoroi and EMURGO voted no to keep the room, Dave and hix_coffeepool because ₳300M was still too much.
- [Edition 30, epochs 612 to 614: A new ₳350M Cardano spending period opens, and the cut to the committee minimum is dropped](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-612-614/): The old spending period closed with ₳2.97M of its ₳350M unused, and a new ₳350M ceiling for epochs 613 to 713 replaced it, endorsed as an upper limit. A memory increase for smart contracts took effect, and the proposal to cut the minimum committee size from seven to five was dropped before its deadline.
- [Edition 29, epochs 609 to 611: Power delegated to Cardano DReps jumps ₳190.1M in one epoch, and concentration falls with it](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-609-611/): This is a data edition. At epoch 609 the power delegated to DReps rose ₳190.1M in one step while the share of the ten largest fell from 49.8% to 47.5%. The snapshots show a change in distribution, not who moved. The new constitution took effect that epoch, and DeltaDeFi's budget under the old rules expired at 12.0%.
- [Edition 28, epochs 606 to 608: Ninety seven pools voted yes, and the eighth Cardano committee seat still fell short](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-606-608/): No stake pool voted against adding an eighth committee member, and it expired anyway: 97 yes votes came to 17.4% of counted stake, and DRep support fell short too, Yoroi and EMURGO writing that the snap election had been for one seat. The revised constitution passed on the third attempt, and ₳70M went out.
- [Edition 27, epochs 603 to 605: Why the ₳70M Cardano treasury payment needed eight more epochs](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-603-605/): The spending period was closing with ₳73.0M of its ₳350M unused and a ₳70M payment still waiting for a vote. DReps endorsed an eight epoch extension with the budget, calling it a timeline fix, and the payment was ratified one epoch later. The Eastern Cardano Council backed the budget and voted no on the withdrawal.
- [Edition 26, epochs 600 to 602: The Cardano constitutional committee is back to seven, and a proposal asks for an eighth](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-600-602/): Cardano Curia, elected in a snap election, took a seat at the start of epoch 602, putting the committee back at the seven the protocol requires. YUTA wrote that nobody else could have run another election. A proposal for an eighth member, Christina, had been filed in epoch 600.
- [Edition 25, epochs 597 to 599: The Cardano Atlantic Council resigns and leaves the committee one member short](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-597-599/): The ₳5M loan to the Snek Foundation for exchange listings, the first loan the treasury has made, was ratified at the start of epoch 597. The Cardano Atlantic Council resigned later that epoch, leaving six committee members where seven are required, and the already ratified loan was paid at the start of epoch 598.
- [Edition 24, epochs 594 to 596: Cardano's ₳1M committee pay budget closes at 21.2%, with ₳1.69B abstaining](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-594-596/): Five members of Cardano's constitutional committee signed a ₳1M budget to pay each of them up to ₳200,000. It closed at 21.2% of DRep power, with ₳1.69B abstaining. Yoroi and EMURGO asked for a clearer case for the sum. The Cardano Foundation voted no and wanted an accountability framework first.
- [Edition 23, epochs 591 to 593: Cardano's constitution v2.3 expires at 64.85%, GovTool's withdrawal at 56.0%](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-591-593/): Constitution v2.3 expired at 64.85% of DRep power against the 75% it needed, after v2.0 had expired at 55.6%. Yoroi and EMURGO voted no over its audit and custodian wording. GovTool's ₳1,150,000 withdrawal expired at 56.0% against 67%, the Eternl DRep Committee calling the sum too high.
- [Edition 22, epochs 588 to 590: The ₳50M stablecoin liquidity budget closes at 73.7%, the Cardano 2030 strategy draft at 26.2%](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-588-590/): The ₳50M stablecoin liquidity budget closed with 73.7% of DRep power and all seven committee votes. The Cardano 2030 strategy draft, filed by a community member its document does not name, closed at 26.2% with ₳1.82B abstaining, more than the ₳1.00B for it and the ₳0.37B against together.
- [Edition 21, epochs 585 to 587: The Snek Foundation's ₳5M listing loan budget closes at 65.1%](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-585-587/): The Snek Foundation's ₳5M budget for SNEK exchange listings, a loan at 2.44% a year, closed at 65.1% of DRep power after all seven committee members had found two withdrawal requests for the same plan unconstitutional. SASA and CardanoYoda voted no. Cardano in Oceania's ₳778,000 plan closed at 10.5%.
- [Edition 20, epochs 582 to 584: A ₳50M stablecoin budget and GovTool's ₳1.15M withdrawal are filed](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-582-584/): Three proposals were filed and none was decided: Elder Millenial's ₳50M budget for stablecoin liquidity, a Cardano 2030 strategy draft filed by a community member its document does not name, and GovTool's ₳1.15M withdrawal. Nothing was paid, and ₳78.0M of the ₳350M ceiling stayed unused.
- [Edition 19, epochs 579 to 581: Cardano's elected committee takes office, and constitution v2.0 expires at 55.6%](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-579-581/): Seven elected members replaced Cardano's interim committee at the start of epoch 581. Constitution v2.0 expired at the same boundary with 55.6% of DRep power against a 75% bar. The interim committee had found both Snek listing withdrawals unconstitutional, six of its seven members because no budget authorised them.
- [Edition 18, epochs 576 to 578: Socious and Haus treasury requests expire at 57.3% and 52.7%](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-576-578/): Socious's ₳1.5M quadratic funding request expired with 57.3% of DRep power and Haus's ₳3.0M tokenised property request with 52.7%, both short of the 67% a withdrawal needs. The other 37 requests of the first spending round were paid, 34 of them in these three epochs for ₳102.1M.
- [Edition 17, epochs 573 to 575: Input Output Engineering, Catalyst and Midgard receive ₳168.4M](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-573-575/): At the start of epoch 575 the treasury paid ₳168.4M for Input Output Engineering, Catalyst and Midgard, with the Cardano Foundation abstaining on the largest payment. Another 27 requests worth ₳78.1M were ratified at the same boundary, and the GovTool budget closed at 57.2% of DRep power.
- [Edition 16, epochs 570 to 572: Amaru is paid ₳1.5M, and Intersect files 39 requests for ₳275.0M](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-570-572/): Amaru's ₳1.5M for an alternative Cardano node was paid at the start of epoch 571, the first treasury withdrawal enacted since on-chain governance began. In epoch 570 Intersect filed 39 requests for ₳275.0M, and DReps cast 2,350 votes in epoch 571.
- [Edition 15, epochs 564 to 569: Intersect's ₳275M ecosystem budget closes at 65.4%](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-564-569/): Intersect's ₳275M budget for 39 proposals closed at the start of epoch 564 with 65.4% of DRep power. In epoch 566 Amaru asked for ₳1.5M under its own node budget, the first treasury withdrawal request since on-chain governance began. Delegation to DReps fell ₳279.5M in epoch 565.
- [Edition 14, epochs 561 to 563: Amaru's ₳1.5M node budget closes at 80.4%](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-561-563/): Amaru's ₳1.5M node budget closed at 80.4% of DRep power. The ₳200M and ₳300M ceilings closed below 50%, so the ₳350M one stayed in force. All seven committee members found the community builders budget unconstitutional, and a liquidity budget whose document did not match its hash drew ₳0.20B of power against ₳2.14B.
- [Edition 13, epochs 557 to 560: Intersect files a ₳275.3M budget of 39 proposals](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-557-560/): Intersect filed a ₳275.3M budget bundling 39 proposals. YUTA voted yes on conditions, and CardanoYoda and SASA voted no over one vote for all 39. A ₳200M ceiling stood at 43.9% of DRep power as of the close of epoch 560, after EMURGO and the Eternl DRep Committee voted no on it. Nothing was paid.
- [Edition 12, epochs 554 to 556: Intersect's ₳350M spending limit for Cardano closes at 73.4%](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-554-556/): Intersect's ₳350M limit on treasury withdrawals for epochs 532 to 604, the first since on-chain governance began, closed at 73.4% of DRep power. The Intersect Constitutional Council found it unconstitutional over a one epoch error. A ₳200M ceiling, a ₳300M ceiling and three budgets were filed after it.
- [Edition 11, epochs 548 to 553: The two year ₳300M and ₳250M spending limit closes at 34.7%](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-548-553/): The ₳300M and ₳250M spending limit closed at 34.7% of DRep power, below the 67% its document set itself, although more power voted yes than no. Its anchor document matched its on-chain hash only once it was replaced. Intersect's ₳350M limit stood at 73.4% as of the close of epoch 553.
- [Edition 10, epochs 545 to 547: The proposal to lower Cardano's treasury cut to 10% expires at 23.2%](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-545-547/): Decrease Treasury Tax from 20% to 10% expired at the start of epoch 546 with 23.2% of DRep power, against the 67% it needed. Five committee members found it unconstitutional, four of them citing the missing reversion plan. Two net change limit proposals were filed and were still open at the close.
- [Edition 9, epochs 542 to 544: Intersect's 2025 roadmap draws 87 yes votes in three epochs](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-542-544/): The first proposal under Cardano's new constitution came from Intersect's product committee, a 2025 roadmap put to the DReps. It drew 87 yes votes to 4 no in three epochs. CryptoCrow, SIPO and Martin Lang voted yes on halving the treasury cut, Socious and Wada DRep no.
- [Edition 8, epochs 538 to 541: DReps and all seven committee members ratify Cardano's constitution](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-538-541/): Cardano's constitution was ratified at the start of epoch 541, its stored tally at 84.9% of DRep power, and all seven committee members found it constitutional. Pi Lanningham voted yes while listing faults, and HeptaSean voted no over the process. A proposal to lower the treasury cut to 10% was filed in epoch 539.
- [Edition 7, epochs 535 to 537: The Plomin hard fork is ratified with 66.0% of pool stake](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-535-537/): The Plomin hard fork took effect at the start of epoch 537, after 66.0% of counted pool stake backed it and all seven committee members found it constitutional. From then on every action that can be enacted needs DRep approval. DReps cast 146 votes in epoch 537, all on the constitution proposal filed that epoch.
- [Edition 6, epochs 529 to 534: Intersect files the Plomin hard fork, 581 pools vote yes by epoch 534](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-529-534/): Intersect filed the Plomin hard fork in epoch 529. By the close of epoch 534, 581 pools had voted yes, 4 no and 34 abstain, and Input Output and the Cardano Japan Council had found it constitutional. DReps had no vote on it. The signal to name the upgrade after Matthew Plomin closed at 76.5% of DRep power.
- [Edition 5, epochs 526 to 528: The Plomin naming proposal stands at 76.5% of DRep power at the close](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-526-528/): The name Plomin for the coming hard fork, proposed by Intersect's Hard Fork Working Group, stood at 76.5% of DRep power as of the close of epoch 528. Intersect's Plutus cost model update took effect at the start of epoch 526 and priced 12 operations that hard fork would add, with no DRep or pool vote on it.
- [Edition 4, epochs 523 to 525: Intersect's Plutus V3 cost model update is ratified on its second filing](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-523-525/): Intersect filed the same Plutus V3 cost model update twice. Five committee members found the first filing, which would not have had its intended effect, unconstitutional before it expired. Five had found the second constitutional by the end of epoch 524, and it was ratified at the start of epoch 525.
- [Edition 3, epochs 517 to 522: Atrium Lab's K question closes at 15.5% of DRep power](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-517-522/): Atrium Lab's information action on raising Cardano's stake pool target K from 500 closed at the start of epoch 521 with 15.5% of DRep power. More DReps voted yes than no, 88 to 54, but the no votes carried ₳347.9M against ₳153.1M, and three committee members found the action unconstitutional.
- [Edition 2, epochs 514 to 516: Atrium Lab's pool target question draws 59 yes and 41 no votes](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-514-516/): Atrium Lab asked whether Cardano should raise its stake pool target of 500 and gave more participation in governance as its goal. Its first three epochs drew 59 yes votes, 41 no and 8 abstain. The HOSKY naming proposal closed at the start of epoch 514 with 1.9% of DRep power.
- [Edition 1, epochs 508 to 513: Delegation to Cardano DReps grows from ₳134.3M to ₳457.3M](https://dreptalk.com/governance-review/epochs-508-513/): Power delegated to DReps grew from ₳134.3M to ₳457.3M in six epochs, and the DReps holding it from 261 to 419. Adam Dean's request to name the next hard fork HOSKY drew 93 DRep no votes to 11 yes. Ikigai, a note of thanks to Input Output, EMURGO and the Cardano Foundation, asked for no change.

## Glossary

### Roles and bodies

- [DRep](https://dreptalk.com/glossary/drep/): A DRep (delegated representative) is a registered participant in Cardano governance who votes on governance actions with the voting power that ada holders delegate to them.
- [SPO](https://dreptalk.com/glossary/spo/): An SPO (stake pool operator) runs a Cardano stake pool that produces blocks, and votes as one of the three governance bodies on certain kinds of governance actions.
- [Constitutional Committee](https://dreptalk.com/glossary/constitutional-committee/): The Constitutional Committee is the Cardano governance body that checks whether proposed governance actions conform to the Cardano Constitution.
- [Proposer](https://dreptalk.com/glossary/proposer/): The proposer of a Cardano governance action is whoever submitted it on-chain, identified by the reward address that receives the action deposit back.

### Voting and delegation

- [Delegation](https://dreptalk.com/glossary/delegation/): Delegation in Cardano governance is handing your ada's voting power to a DRep who votes on governance actions on your behalf. It is separate from staking to a pool.
- [Voting power](https://dreptalk.com/glossary/voting-power/): Voting power is the ada-weighted influence a participant has in Cardano governance votes. A DRep's voting power is the sum of all stake delegated to them.
- [Abstain](https://dreptalk.com/glossary/abstain/): Abstain is a vote option and a predefined delegation choice in Cardano governance: abstained stake records no position and is excluded from ratification percentages.
- [Vote rationale](https://dreptalk.com/glossary/vote-rationale/): A vote rationale is the written explanation a voter attaches to a Cardano governance vote as on-chain metadata, telling delegators why they voted the way they did.

### Governance action types

- [Governance action](https://dreptalk.com/glossary/governance-action/): A governance action is an on-chain proposal in Cardano governance that DReps, SPOs, and the Constitutional Committee vote on within a fixed voting window.
- [Motion of no confidence](https://dreptalk.com/glossary/motion-of-no-confidence/): A motion of no confidence is a Cardano governance action declaring that the community no longer trusts the current Constitutional Committee. If ratified, the committee is dissolved.
- [Update the constitutional committee](https://dreptalk.com/glossary/update-constitutional-committee/): This Cardano governance action adds or removes Constitutional Committee members or changes the signing threshold the committee needs to approve actions.
- [New constitution or guardrails script](https://dreptalk.com/glossary/new-constitution/): This Cardano governance action adopts a new constitution document or updates the on-chain guardrails script that constrains protocol parameter changes.
- [Hard fork initiation](https://dreptalk.com/glossary/hard-fork-initiation/): A hard fork initiation is the Cardano governance action that moves the network to a new protocol major version. DReps, SPOs, and the Constitutional Committee must all approve it.
- [Protocol parameter change](https://dreptalk.com/glossary/protocol-parameter-change/): A protocol parameter change is a Cardano governance action that adjusts on-chain parameters such as fees, block sizes, or governance thresholds.
- [Treasury withdrawal](https://dreptalk.com/glossary/treasury-withdrawal/): A treasury withdrawal is a Cardano governance action that moves ada from the on-chain treasury to a stake address, typically to fund budgets, projects, or grants.
- [Info action](https://dreptalk.com/glossary/info-action/): An info action is a non-binding Cardano governance action that records an on-chain opinion or signal without changing any ledger state.

## Optional

- [Sitemap](https://dreptalk.com/sitemap.xml): Every public page, including threads and indexable DRep profiles.
- [CIP-100 sitemap](https://dreptalk.com/sitemap-cip100.xml): Machine-readable thread manifests in the CIP-100 governance metadata format.
- [Register as a DRep](https://dreptalk.com/register-drep/): Client-side DRep registration and metadata management.
- [Badges](https://dreptalk.com/badges/): Achievement badges for governance participation.
- [Brand](https://dreptalk.com/brand/): Logos and link badges for referencing DRepTalk.