Update Plutus Cost Models
On-chain changes
- TechnicalCost ModelsUpdated→Updated
Abstract
Intersect's Parameter Committee proposes to update the Plutus V3 Cost Model via a Parameter Update governance action to enable the new Plutus primitives that will be available following the van Rossem hard fork (to Protocol Version 11), to enable all Plutus primitives in Plutus V1 and V2 as well as Plutus V3, and to change settings for some existing Plutus primitives. Note that the new primitives will not be enabled in Protocol version 10, but only following the enactment of the hard fork to Protocol Version 11. However, the changes for existing primitives will happen immediately on enactment of this governance action.
Motivation & rationale
This governance action is motivated by three objectives:
First, following the hard fork to Protocol Version 11, new Plutus primitives become available. This proposal provides the necessary cost model settings so that these primitives can be used following the van Rossem hard fork.
Second, the action also ensures that Plutus primitives previously limited to Plutus V3 are available in Plutus V1 and Plutus V2.
Third, the action also updates the settings for some existing primitives based on benchmarking data.
Technical Evaluation
The changes described in this governance action have been recommended by Intersect's Parameter Committee on 2026-03-05 (https://forum.cardano.org/t/mar-5-2026-parameter-committee-triweekly-meeting-notes/154363) and 2026-03-19 (https://forum.cardano.org/t/mar-19-2026-parameter-committee-triweekly-meeting-notes/154364). They have been confirmed by Intersect’s Technical Steering Committee on 2026-05-13 (https://committees.docs.intersectmbo.org/intersect-technical-steering-committee/meeting-minutes/2026-tsc-meeting-minutes/meeting-minutes-may-13-2026).
Testnet Deployments
An equivalent change has been enacted on the SanchoNet testnet in March 2026 ( gov_action1kundw4x5cn2s85rmkccx7lkfgamgmy2w4p0kx87w4uh2ku52rwesqkj3cwm).
An equivalent change has been enacted on the Preview testnet in April 2026 (gov_action1q9xr9etnglg3gazzzrsexj3qsnzaqpf2yvfpwrvnwk9l64n089tqqqg02j9).
An equivalent change has been enacted on the Preprod testnet in May 2026 (gov_action18cd564yw8jcsj392ggtge8swd3pkxm5k6rdhlf3sv308z0rjy3gsqdgxfqp)
Functionality
As described below, the main effect of the update will be to enable new Plutus primitives in Plutus V1, V2 and V3 and to ensure consistency between Plutus V1, V2 and V3. It will also make changes to some existing Plutus primitives.
Security
No specific security concerns are raised by this change.
Performance
Benchmarking results have been obtained for the new primitives to ensure the validity of the cost models.
Changes to existing primitives have also been benchmarked.
Sustainability
The upgrade introduces new Plutus primitives for:
- cryptography
- list manipulation
- array operations
- value and data manipulation
These upgrades enhance the capabilities of Plutus scripts, allowing more efficient computation and inter-chain working.
The cost model changes to existing Plutus primitives are based on benchmarking data.
Consistency with Guardrails
The relevant guardrails in the Cardano Constitution are:
- PCM-01: "Cost model values must be set by benchmarking on a reference architecture"
- PCM-02: "The cost model must be updated if new primitives are introduced or a new Plutus language version is added"
- PCM-03: "Cost model values should not be negative"
This governance action is consistent with all three guardrails. None of these guardrails can be checked by the automated guardrails script.
Consistency with PCM-01
The new cost model settings have been validated by the IOE Plutus Core developer team against the same reference machine and implementation as the existing mainnet Plutus cost model settings.
Consistency with PCM-02
The cost model has been updated because new Plutus primitives will be introduced following the upgrade to Protocol Version 11.
Consistency with PCM-03
None of the new cost model values is negative.
New Plutus Primitives that will be Enabled
The new Plutus primitives are defined in five CIPs:
- CIP-0109 | Modular Exponentiation Built-in for Plutus Core
- CIP-0132 | New Plutus Builtin dropList
- CIP-0133 | Plutus support for Multi-Scalar Multiplication over BLS12-381
- CIP-0138 | Plutus Core Builtin Type -
Array - CIP-0153 | Plutus Core Builtin Type - MaryEraValue
Those in CIP-0109 are:
- modular exponentiation - a cornerstone operation in numerous cryptographic protocols
expModInteger
Those in CIP-0132 are:
- dropList - drops a given number of elements from a list
dropList
Those in CIP-0133 are:
- multi-scalar multiplication - efficient computation of the multi-scalar multiplication over the BLS12-381 curve
bls12_381_G1_multiScalarMul, bls12_381_G2_multiScalarMul
Those in CIP-0138 are:
- array indexing - returns the element at the given index in an array, uses constant time and constant memory
- array length - returns the length of the array, uses constant time and constant memory
- list to array conversion - converts the argument builtin list into a builtin array, uses linear time and linear memory
indexArray, lengthOfArray, listToArray
and those in CIP-0153 are:
- coin insertion - returns a Mary-era Value with the Coin inserted, silently discarding any previous value
- coin lookup - returns the quantity of a given Coin in a Mary-era Value
- value union - merges two provided values, this operation is commutative and associative
- value contains - compares the two Mary-era Values and determines if the first value is a superset of the second
- value Data - encodes a BuiltinValue as BuiltinData.
- unValue Data - decodes a BuiltinData into a BuiltinValue
- scale value - multiplies all token quantities in the provided value by the provided integer scale factor
insertCoin, lookupCoin, unionValue, valueContains, valueData, unValueData, scaleValue
Each of the new primitives has both CPU and memory unit cost models.
Changes to Existing Plutus Primitives
Changes will be made to the CPU cost model for the following primitive in Plutus V1, V2 and V3:
equalsByteString
In addition, changes will be made to the CPU cost model for the following primitives in Plutus V3 only:
divideInteger, modInteger, quotientInteger, remainderInteger
Differences to the current Plutus cost model that will be enacted by this governance action
The full difference from the current on-chain Plutus V1 cost model settings is shown below:
"serialiseData": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 955506,
"slope": 213312
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 2
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"verifyEcdsaSecp256k1Signature": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 43053543,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 10,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"verifyEd25519Signature": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 53384111,
"slope": 14333
},
"type": "linear_in_y"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 10,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"verifySchnorrSecp256k1Signature": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 43574283,
"slope": 26308
},
"type": "linear_in_y"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 10,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"integerToByteString": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"c0": 1293828,
"c1": 28716,
"c2": 63
},
"type": "quadratic_in_z"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "literal_in_y_or_linear_in_z"
}
},
"blake2b_224": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 207616,
"slope": 8310
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 4,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G1_add": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 962335,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 18,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G1_compress": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 2780678,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 6,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G1_equal": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 442008,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G1_hashToGroup": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 52538055,
"slope": 3756
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 18,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G1_neg": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 267929,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 18,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G1_scalarMul": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 76433006,
"slope": 8868
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 18,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G1_multiScalarMul": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 321837444,
"slope": 25087669
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 18,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G1_uncompress": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 52948122,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 18,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G2_add": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 1995836,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 36,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G2_compress": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 3227919,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 12,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G2_equal": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 901022,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G2_hashToGroup": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 166917843,
"slope": 4307
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 36,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G2_neg": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 284546,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 36,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G2_scalarMul": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 158221314,
"slope": 26549
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 36,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G2_multiScalarMul": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 617887431,
"slope": 67302824
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 36,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G2_uncompress": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 74698472,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 36,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_finalVerify": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 333849714,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_millerLoop": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 254006273,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 72,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_mulMlResult": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 2174038,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 72,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"keccak_256": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 2261318,
"slope": 64571
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 4,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"andByteString": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 100181,
"slope1": 726,
"slope2": 719
},
"type": "linear_in_y_and_z"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_max_yz"
}
},
"orByteString": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 100181,
"slope1": 726,
"slope2": 719
},
"type": "linear_in_y_and_z"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_max_yz"
}
},
"xorByteString": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 100181,
"slope1": 726,
"slope2": 719
},
"type": "linear_in_y_and_z"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_max_yz"
}
},
"complementByteString": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 107878,
"slope": 680
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"readBit": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 95336,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"writeBits": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 281145,
"slope": 18848
},
"type": "linear_in_y"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"replicateByte": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 180194,
"slope": 159
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 1,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"shiftByteString": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 158519,
"slope": 8942
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"rotateByteString": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 159378,
"slope": 8813
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"countSetBits": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 107490,
"slope": 3298
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"findFirstSetBit": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 106057,
"slope": 655
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"ripemd_160": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 1964219,
"slope": 24520
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 3,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"expModInteger": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"coefficient00": 607153,
"coefficient11": 231697,
"coefficient12": 53144
},
"type": "exp_mod_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_z"
}
},
"dropList": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 116711,
"slope": 1957
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 4,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"lookupCoin": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 219951,
"slope": 9444
},
"type": "linear_in_z"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"valueContains": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"constant": 213283,
"model": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 618401,
"slope1": 1998,
"slope2": 28258
},
"type": "linear_in_x_and_y"
}
},
"type": "const_above_diagonal"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"valueData": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 1000,
"slope": 38159
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 2,
"slope": 22
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"unValueData": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"c0": 1000,
"c1": 95933,
"c2": 1
},
"type": "quadratic_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 1,
"slope": 11
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"insertCoin": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 356924,
"slope": 18413
},
"type": "linear_in_u"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 45,
"slope": 21
},
"type": "linear_in_u"
}
},
"unionValue": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"c00": 1000,
"c01": 183150,
"c10": 172116,
"c11": 6
},
"type": "with_interaction_in_x_and_y"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 24,
"slope": 21
},
"type": "added_sizes"
}
},
"scaleValue": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 1000,
"slope": 277577
},
"type": "linear_in_y"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 12,
"slope": 21
},
"type": "linear_in_y"
}
},
"equalsByteString": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"constant": 24548,
"intercept": 29498,
"slope": 38
},
"type": "linear_on_diagonal"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
}
The full difference from the current on-chain Plutus V2 cost model settings is shown below:
"blake2b_224": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 207616,
"slope": 8310
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 4,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G1_add": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 962335,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 18,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G1_compress": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 2780678,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 6,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G1_equal": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 442008,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G1_hashToGroup": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 52538055,
"slope": 3756
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 18,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G1_neg": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 267929,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 18,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G1_scalarMul": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 76433006,
"slope": 8868
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 18,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G1_multiScalarMul": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 321837444,
"slope": 25087669
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 18,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G1_uncompress": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 52948122,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 18,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G2_add": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 1995836,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 36,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G2_compress": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 3227919,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 12,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G2_equal": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 901022,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G2_hashToGroup": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 166917843,
"slope": 4307
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 36,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G2_neg": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 284546,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 36,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G2_scalarMul": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 158221314,
"slope": 26549
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 36,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G2_multiScalarMul": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 617887431,
"slope": 67302824
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 36,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G2_uncompress": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 74698472,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 36,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_finalVerify": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 333849714,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_millerLoop": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 254006273,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 72,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_mulMlResult": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 2174038,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 72,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"keccak_256": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 2261318,
"slope": 64571
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 4,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"andByteString": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 100181,
"slope1": 726,
"slope2": 719
},
"type": "linear_in_y_and_z"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_max_yz"
}
},
"orByteString": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 100181,
"slope1": 726,
"slope2": 719
},
"type": "linear_in_y_and_z"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_max_yz"
}
},
"xorByteString": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 100181,
"slope1": 726,
"slope2": 719
},
"type": "linear_in_y_and_z"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_max_yz"
}
},
"complementByteString": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 107878,
"slope": 680
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"readBit": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 95336,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"writeBits": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 281145,
"slope": 18848
},
"type": "linear_in_y"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"replicateByte": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 180194,
"slope": 159
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 1,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"shiftByteString": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 158519,
"slope": 8942
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"rotateByteString": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 159378,
"slope": 8813
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"countSetBits": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 107490,
"slope": 3298
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"findFirstSetBit": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 106057,
"slope": 655
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"ripemd_160": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 1964219,
"slope": 24520
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 3,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"expModInteger": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"coefficient00": 607153,
"coefficient11": 231697,
"coefficient12": 53144
},
"type": "exp_mod_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_z"
}
},
"dropList": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 116711,
"slope": 1957
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 4,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"indexArray": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 232010,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 32,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"lengthOfArray": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 231883,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 10,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"listToArray": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 1000,
"slope": 24838
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 7,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"lookupCoin": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 219951,
"slope": 9444
},
"type": "linear_in_z"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"valueContains": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"constant": 213283,
"model": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 618401,
"slope1": 1998,
"slope2": 28258
},
"type": "linear_in_x_and_y"
}
},
"type": "const_above_diagonal"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"valueData": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 1000,
"slope": 38159
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 2,
"slope": 22
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"unValueData": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"c0": 1000,
"c1": 95933,
"c2": 1
},
"type": "quadratic_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 1,
"slope": 11
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"insertCoin": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 356924,
"slope": 18413
},
"type": "linear_in_u"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 45,
"slope": 21
},
"type": "linear_in_u"
}
},
"unionValue": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"c00": 1000,
"c01": 183150,
"c10": 172116,
"c11": 6
},
"type": "with_interaction_in_x_and_y"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 24,
"slope": 21
},
"type": "added_sizes"
}
},
"scaleValue": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 1000,
"slope": 277577
},
"type": "linear_in_y"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 12,
"slope": 21
},
"type": "linear_in_y"
}
},
"equalsByteString": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"constant": 24548,
"intercept": 29498,
"slope": 38
},
"type": "linear_on_diagonal"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
}
The full difference from the current on-chain Plutus V3 cost model settings is shown below:
"expModInteger": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"coefficient00": 607153,
"coefficient11": 231697,
"coefficient12": 53144
},
"type": "exp_mod_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_z"
}
},
"dropList": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 116711,
"slope": 1957
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 4,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G1_multiScalarMul": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 321837444,
"slope": 25087669
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 18,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"bls12_381_G2_multiScalarMul": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 617887431,
"slope": 67302824
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 36,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"indexArray": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 232010,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 32,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"lengthOfArray": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": 231883,
"type": "constant_cost"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 10,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"listToArray": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 1000,
"slope": 24838
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 7,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"lookupCoin": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 219951,
"slope": 9444
},
"type": "linear_in_z"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"valueContains": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"constant": 213283,
"model": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 618401,
"slope1": 1998,
"slope2": 28258
},
"type": "linear_in_x_and_y"
}
},
"type": "const_above_diagonal"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"valueData": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 1000,
"slope": 38159
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 2,
"slope": 22
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"unValueData": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"c0": 1000,
"c1": 95933,
"c2": 1
},
"type": "quadratic_in_x"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 1,
"slope": 11
},
"type": "linear_in_x"
}
},
"insertCoin": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 356924,
"slope": 18413
},
"type": "linear_in_u"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 45,
"slope": 21
},
"type": "linear_in_u"
}
},
"unionValue": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"c00": 1000,
"c01": 183150,
"c10": 172116,
"c11": 6
},
"type": "with_interaction_in_x_and_y"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 24,
"slope": 21
},
"type": "added_sizes"
}
},
"scaleValue": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 1000,
"slope": 277577
},
"type": "linear_in_y"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 12,
"slope": 21
},
"type": "linear_in_y"
}
},
"equalsByteString": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"constant": 24548,
"intercept": 29498,
"slope": 38
},
"type": "linear_on_diagonal"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": 1,
"type": "constant_cost"
}
},
"divideInteger": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"constant": 85848,
"model": {
"arguments": {
"c00": 123203,
"c01": 7305,
"c02": -900,
"c10": 1716,
"c11": 549,
"c20": 57,
"minimum": 85848
},
"type": "quadratic_in_x_and_y"
}
},
"type": "const_above_diagonal"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"minimum": 1,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "subtracted_sizes"
}
},
"modInteger": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"constant": 85848,
"model": {
"arguments": {
"c00": 123203,
"c01": 7305,
"c02": -900,
"c10": 1716,
"c11": 549,
"c20": 57,
"minimum": 85848
},
"type": "quadratic_in_x_and_y"
}
},
"type": "const_above_diagonal"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_y"
}
},
"quotientInteger": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"constant": 85848,
"model": {
"arguments": {
"c00": 123203,
"c01": 7305,
"c02": -900,
"c10": 1716,
"c11": 549,
"c20": 57,
"minimum": 85848
},
"type": "quadratic_in_x_and_y"
}
},
"type": "const_above_diagonal"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"minimum": 1,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "subtracted_sizes"
}
},
"remainderInteger": {
"cpu": {
"arguments": {
"constant": 85848,
"model": {
"arguments": {
"c00": 123203,
"c01": 7305,
"c02": -900,
"c10": 1716,
"c11": 549,
"c20": 57,
"minimum": 85848
},
"type": "quadratic_in_x_and_y"
}
},
"type": "const_above_diagonal"
},
"memory": {
"arguments": {
"intercept": 0,
"slope": 1
},
"type": "linear_in_y"
}
},
Rationale highlights
Why some of the largest DReps voted for and against, in their own words.
Summary Yoroi DRep votes YES on "Update Plutus Cost Models", supporting this parameter change as a necessary and well-validated step in preparing Cardano for the van Rossem hard fork. Rationale A required update ahead of the van Rossem hard fork This action...
Summary
Yoroi DRep votes YES on "Update Plutus Cost Models", supporting this parameter change as a necessary and well-validated step in preparing Cardano for the van Rossem hard fork.Rationale
A required update ahead of the van Rossem hard fork This action provides the cost model settings needed to activate new Plutus primitives following the upgrade to Protocol Version 11. Without this update, the new primitives introduced across five CIPs covering cryptography, list operations, array builtins, and value manipulation would not be usable after the hard fork.
Properly benchmarked and validated All new and updated cost model values have been benchmarked against the standard reference architecture and validated through enactments on SanchoNet, Preview, and Preprod testnets. The changes are consistent with all three relevant constitutional guardrails, no values are negative, and the process followed Intersect's Parameter Committee and Technical Steering Committee review.
Consistency improvements across Plutus versions The action also ensures that primitives previously limited to Plutus V3 are made available in V1 and V2, improving consistency across versions and reducing friction for developers working across different contract environments.
Conclusion
Yoroi supports this parameter change as a technically sound and procedurally well-governed update that is necessary for the van Rossem hard fork to proceed as intended, and votesVoting YES on "Update Plutus Cost Models." This enhances functionality without sacrificing security.
「Update Plutus Cost Models」にYESを投票します。これはセキュリティを犠牲にすることなく、機能を強化します。
The proposed changes should be proposed under Plutus V4 instead of as an extension of Plutus V3, according to CIP-35 ( https://cips.cardano.org/cip/CIP-0035 ), as they include not backwards-compatible changes. Additionally, even if all the changes were...
The proposed changes should be proposed under Plutus V4 instead of as an extension of Plutus V3, according to CIP-35 (https://cips.cardano.org/cip/CIP-0035), as they include not backwards-compatible changes.
Additionally, even if all the changes were backwards compatible, extending the set of builtins tends to break all downstream tx builders (classic PPViewHashesDontMatch). This practice should be abolished in favour of upgrading the Plutus version when new builtins are added.